Panel III Biographies
MODERATOR: Janne E. Nolan, Ph.D.
Dr. Janne E. Nolan has been on the international security faculty at Georgetown University since l994. She is the co-chairman of the project entitled, Discourse, Dissent and Strategic Surprise: Formulating American Security in an Age of Uncertainty, sponsored by Georgetown’s Institute for the Study of Diplomacy and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. In 2004, Nolan was appointed professor of international affairs and senior associate at The Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh.
Nolan has held numerous senior positions in the private sector, including foreign policy director at the Century Foundation, senior fellow in foreign policy at The Brookings Institution, and senior international security consultant at Science Applications International Corporation. Her public service includes positions as a foreign affairs officer in the Department of State; senior representative to the Senate Armed Services Committee for Senator Gary Hart; and member of the National Defense Panel, the Accountability Review Board investigating terrorist attacks on U.S. embassies in East Africa, and the Secretary of Defense’s Policy Board. In addition, Nolan has served on several congressionally appointed blue ribbon commissions and as a policy adviser to many presidential and Senate campaigns.
Nolan is the author of six books, including Guardians of the Arsenal: The Politics of Nuclear Strategy, Trappings of Power: Ballistic Missiles in the Third World, and Elusive Consensus. She currently is writing a book about discourse, dissent, and national security under contract to the Century Foundation of New York. Nolan edited Ultimate Security: Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction. Her numerous articles on international security and foreign policy have been published in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Science, Scientific American, and The New Republic.
Nolan received her doctorate from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr.
Former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and
Chairman, Board of Advisors, Global Options
Admiral William J. Crowe, U.S. Navy, served as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and as the ambassador to the United Kingdom under President William J. Clinton. He has more than 50 years of public service in military and civilian positions.
After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy, Crowe served as assistant to the naval aide of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, executive officer of the submarine USS Wahoo, and an aide to the deputy chief of Naval Operations. In 1960, Crowe took command of the USS Trout, serving as commanding officer until 1962. He then earned a master’s degree in education from Stanford University and a doctorate in politics from Princeton University. He returned to the Navy in 1966 to take command of Submarine Division 31.
During his ensuing naval career, Crowe was the senior naval advisor to the Vietnamese Navy Riverine Force, commanded U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, served as deputy chief of naval operations for plans and policy, commanded Allied Forces in southern Europe, and was the commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Command. In 1985, he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a position he held for four years. In 1993 and 1994, Crowe chaired the president’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. In 1998, Admiral Crowe was appointed Chairman of the Accountability Review Board which investigated the al Qaeda terrorist attacks on U.S. embassies in East Africa.
Following a three-year assignment as ambassador to the Court of St. James (1994-1997), Crowe taught at the University of Oklahoma, George Washington University, and the Naval Academy. He is an advisory board member of Global Options, Inc., an international risk management and business solutions company headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Carl W. Ford, Jr.
Executive Vice President, Cassidy & Associates
Carl Ford specializes in international policy and defense issues at Cassidy & Associates, a public policy consulting firm. Ford joined Cassidy & Associates in fall 2003, after three decades in the military, intelligence, and diplomatic services. He also serves as an adjunct professor at Georgetown University.
In May 2001, President George W. Bush appointed Ford assistant secretary of state for intelligence and research. He provided intelligence support and analysis to the secretary of state and other senior policymakers. He was also directly involved in policies related to the war on terrorism; the Iraq war and reconstruction; and issues related to the Chinese military, nuclear proliferation, the Middle East peace process, and the North Korean military threat.
Prior to his Department of State appointment, Ford established his own international consulting firm, which provided strategic and tactical advice to American companies doing business with foreign militaries.
Between 1965 and 1989, Ford served two tours of duty in Vietnam, was a U.S. Army military intelligence officer, a Defense Intelligence Agency China strategic intelligence officer, a military analyst specializing in China for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), a professional staff member for East Asia on the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the national intelligence officer for East Asia at the CIA. Beginning in 1989, he spent four years working at the deputy assistant secretary and acting assistant secretary levels in the Department of Defense.
Ford holds a bachelor’s degree in Asian studies and a master’s degree in East Asian Studies, both from Florida State University.
Dennis M. Gormley
Senior Fellow, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies
Dennis M. Gormley, a senior fellow at the Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies in Washington, D.C., is the author of “The Limits of Intelligence: Iraq’s Lessons” (Survival, fall 2004) and Dealing with the Threat of Cruise Missiles (Oxford University Press, 2001). Gormley is also a senior lecturer on the faculty of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh. He has been a senior fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London and a visiting scholar at the Geneva Center for Security Policy in Switzerland.
Gormley served for 20 years with Pacific-Sierra Research (PSR) as senior vice president and director of its East Coast operations. He also served on PSR’s board of directors. Before joining PSR in 1979, he was head of foreign intelligence at the U.S. Army’s Harry Diamond Laboratories in Washington, D.C., for nearly seven years. Gormley has frequently chaired or served on Department of Defense advisory committees and often furnishes expert testimony to Congress.
Gormley received bachelor’s and master’s degrees in history from the University of Connecticut. After graduation, he attended Officer Candidate School and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps, serving on active duty from 1966 to 1969.
David A. Kay, Ph.D.
Adjunct Senior Fellow, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies
President George W. Bush directed in June 2003 that the hunt for Iraqi weapons of mass destruction be transferred from the Department of Defense to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the director of the CIA appointed Dr. David Kay to lead that search and direct the activities of the 1,400-member Iraq Survey Group. In January 2004, having concluded that there had been no stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq at the time of the war, Kay reported his findings and resigned his position. This report led to congressional hearings and the appointment of an independent commission to investigate the causes of U.S. intelligence failings prior to the war, including how this erroneous intelligence was communicated and used by policymakers.
Immediately after the Gulf War, Kay served as the International Atomic Energy Agency/UN Special Commission (IAEA/UNSCOM) chief nuclear weapons inspector, leading inspections into Iraq to determine its nuclear weapons production capability. He led teams that found and identified the scope and extent of Iraqi uranium enrichment activities, located the major Iraqi center for assembling nuclear weapons, and seized large amounts of documents on the Iraqi nuclear weapons program. He spent four days as a hostage in a Baghdad parking lot. He also led the analysis of the nature of the Iraqi nuclear program and its implications for nonproliferation and arms control activities.
Kay has served on a number of official U.S. government delegations and government and private advisory commissions, including the Defense Science Board, the Department of State’s Advisory Commission on International Organizations, the Rockefeller Foundation’s Advisory Group on Conflicts in International Relations, and the U.S. Delegation to the UN General Assembly. He has often testified before Congress, has published articles on weapons proliferation and terrorism, and is a frequent media commentator.
Kay holds a bachelor’s degree from the University of Texas at Austin and a master’s degree in inter-national affairs and a doctorate from Columbia University. He is a recipient of the IAEA’s Distinguished Service Award and the U.S. Secretary of State’s Commendation. Currently, he serves as an adjunct senior fellow at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies and as a consultant concentrating on counterterrorism and weapons proliferation.